Top 10 Tech Stack That Reign Software Development in 2025

What is a Tech Stack?

A tech stack, also known as a software stack or development stack, is a combination of programming languages, frameworks, libraries, tools, and technologies that are used to develop and deploy a software application or system.

A tech stack provides a standardized and organized approach to software development, enabling developers to leverage the existing tools, libraries, and frameworks to build efficient and reliable applications. In other words, a tech stack represents the layers of software components and infrastructure that work together to create a functioning software product.

Layers and Components That Constitute a Technology Stack

There are three key components that make up a tech stack:

Client-side (frontend)

Client-facing side that consists of what the user sees and interacts with. Frontend technologies include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and UI frameworks and libraries.

Server-side (backend)

The logic that runs behind the application and its features. Various backend programming languages and tools are used for handling the requests coming from the client-facing side. Backend technologies include web frameworks, programming languages, servers, and operating systems.

Database

Enables the storage of application data like user profiles or information about the product or software.

DIFFERENT LAYERS THAT CONSTITUTE A TECH STACK

1. Operating System (OS)
2. Server-Side Programming
3. Web Server
4. Database
5. Client-Side Programming
6. Frontend Frameworks/ Libraries
7. Deployment & Infrastructure
The specific technologies and components chosen for each layer may vary depending on your project requirements, scalability needs, performance considerations, target platforms (web, mobile, desktop), and your software development partner’s expertise.

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Top 10 Tech Stacks Used for Software Development in 2024

  • A classic, time-tested stack of technologies that stands for – Linux (Operating System), Apache (Web Server), MySQL (Database), and PHP (Programming Language).
  • LAMP is one of the first open-source software stacks commonly used to develop and deliver web applications today.
  • Efficiently handles dynamic web pages wherein content changes each time when a page is loaded.
  • Allows you to choose components based on your specific business requirements. For instance, instead of Linux OS, you can choose Windows OS to form a WAMP stack or macOS to form a MAMP stack. You can also swap PHP in the stack with Perl or Python to get the desired results.
  • MEAN stack comprises MongoDB (Database), Express.js (Backend framework), Angular (Frontend framework), and Node.js (Runtime environment).
  • MEAN is an end-to-end JavaScript stack that allows you to use a single language throughout the stack. This helps you reuse the code across the entire application.
  • All the technologies in MEAN stack are free and open-source and are supported by a vibrant community.
  • MEAN stack technologies are ideal for cloud hosting since they are flexible, scalable, and extensible. The stack can be deployed easily as it includes its own web server.
  • The database can be scaled on-demand to accommodate usage spikes temporarily.
  • When you replace Angular in the MEAN stack with React, it becomes MERN. React is one of the most popular frameworks used for building high-end, single-page applications with interactive UI.
  • React uses JSX, a syntax extension to JavaScript, which provides a way to structure component rendering using syntax familiar to many developers.
  • React uses Virtual DOM (Document Object Model), that allows changes to be implemented easily.
  • Since React is a library and not a framework, developers may have to rely on third-party services to build the desired functionalities.
  • Ruby on Rails (RoR), or simply Rails, is a server-side web application framework written in Ruby under the MIT license.
  • Rails is an open source, object-oriented, model–view–controller (MVC) framework that provides default structures for a database, a web service, and web pages.
  • ROR offers innovative features such as seamless database table creations, migrations, and scaffolding of views to enable rapid application development.
  • The framework encourages and facilitates the use of web standards such as JSON or XML for data transfer and HTML, CSS and JavaScript for user interfacing.
  • .NET is an open-source developer platform made up of tools, programming languages, and libraries for building modern, scalable, and high-performing desktop, web, and mobile applications that can run natively on any operating system.
  • There are various implementations of .NET that allow the .NET code to execute on different operating systems – Linux, macOS, Windows, iOS, Android, and many more.
  • C#, F#, and Visual Basic are the three Microsoft-supported languages for NET development. There are many third-party created languages that work well with the .NET platform.
  • .NET is a highly coveted software development platform due to its advantages such as ease of development, code reusability, extensive support for high-performing applications, strong built in security measures, and active community support.
  • Django is a high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid web development with a clean, pragmatic design. Both Python and Django are widely used together for building full-stack applications.
  • Leveraging the Django-Python stack for application development allows you to use modern technologies including: PyCharm, Python, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
  • Developers can combine the stack with Apache web server, MySQL, and the Django framework for server-side development.
  • Django supports low-code web app development and also helps manage rising volumes of traffic and API requests to meet changing business needs.
  • Flutter is an open source framework by Google for building multi-platform applications from a single codebase.
  • Flutter is powered by Dart, a programming language optimized for fast apps on any platform.
  • Flutter can use Google’s Firebase on the backend which allows you to build highly scalable applications.
  • Flutter’s built-in widget catalog and UI toolkit allow you to build high-performing, natively compiled mobile apps with visually exciting application elements.
  • React Native is a JavaScript framework for building native iOS and Android mobile applications. The framework is based on React, a JavaScript library built by Facebook for UI development.
  • React Native applications are written with a mixture of JavaScript and XML markup. Applications built using React Native render using real mobile UI components, which means the apps look like any other mobile application.
  • Applications built using React Native provide a high level of reliability and performance and deliver a superior user experience.
  • The framework allows developers to reuse up to 100% of their code between different environments which saves a lot of development time.
  • Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) provides a platform for developers with enterprise features such as distributed computing and web services.
  • Java EE applications are usually run on reference run times such as microservers or application servers, which are ideal for creating e-commerce, accounting, and banking information systems.
  • Java EE technology is the de-facto standard for delivering secure, robust, scalable multi-platform applications and services that are portable across all the Java compatible, Enterprise Edition products available today.
  • Java EE has several specifications for making web pages, reading and writing from databases in a transactional way, and managing distributed queues.
  • Serverless architecture is one of the latest trends in software development that allows developers to focus solely on the application code instead of worrying about infrastructure and server management.
  • The serverless stack leverages cloud computing services such as AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, and Azure Functions to create scalable and cost-effective applications without dedicated servers.
  • Since the serverless architecture is based on the Functions as a Service (FaaS) model, you don’t have to pay for unused server resources, which makes the stack highly cost-effective.
  • Serverless stack makes it easy to manage traffic spikes and server resources during peak times since the cloud provider automatically scales the application up or down based on the number of requests.
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Benefits of Using Tech Stacks in Software Development

7 Tips For Choosing Your Technology Stack

Сhoosing, the right technology stack for your web development is a success factor for a project. Aligning technology stack opportunities with your web development functionalities might not suffice in each case, as there are multiple factors to look upon when choosing a technology stack for your project. Here are seven aspects that can help you make the right choice.
7 Factors to Consider when Choosing the Right Tech Stack
1. Define the scope of the project
2. Scalability requirements
3. Technology & Team Expertise
4. Time to market
5. Security requirements
6. Maintenance
7. Development Cost

Define project size, complexity, and functionality

The tech stack used for a small project might vary from that used for bigger projects. The size of the project is a key factor to look out for when choosing a technology stack. Also, the complexity and functionalities of your project matter. If your project is complex and includes heavy functionalities, it is wiser to choose an advanced technology stack.

Scalability requirements

As your project progresses and grows, the tech stack should have the potential to scale sufficiently. You should choose a technology stack that allows for adding new compelling features and handles unpredictable increases in user numbers.

Technology & Team Expertise

It’s important to determine whether or not your team will be able to maintain the application once it is deployed. Consider your team’s experience and expertise when choosing a tech stack. It will be better if you know that your team can use a tech stack successfully and doesn’t require additional training; otherwise, there is no need to consider one.

Time to market

When choosing a tech stack, ensure that it can accelerate your development process without hampering the quality and closes within the deadline.

Security requirements

If your app will handle confidential user data and information, security plays a major role. You need to pick a robust tech stack with fully secured standards & support a high-end security framework to meet your app development goals.

Maintenance

The development process doesn’t end with the app launch, which needs ongoing nurturing at every stage. It is a good practice to choose a tech stack that is easy to maintain by your development team for easy upgrades & regular maintenance.

Development Cost

Despite the fact that many technology stacks are available in the market as open source, they may not incorporate desired functionalities or features you are looking for. Most tech stacks come with a subscription fee if you need special or advanced features. Licensing and maintenance also incur a cost. Furthermore, some technology stacks demand huge salaries for their developers. The overall cost of the technology stack leans on all these factors.

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What Should Be Your Next Step?

Once you have compared and analyzed different technology stacks and discovered the best stack that fits your project, the next step is to start the software development process. But before you start, there is some groundwork to be done which involves these steps.
Project Planning
Plan the development process, determine the project scope, set timelines and milestones, and allocate resources accordingly.
Team Composition
Hire software developers and experts depending on the size and complexity of your project. Ensure your team has the necessary skills and experience to deliver the project.
Development Environment
Install the necessary software, tools, and libraries for setting up your development environment. Configure the environment correctly and provide the required level of access to your team members.
MVP Development
Develop a working Minimum Viable Product (MVP) that you can share with users to validate your idea. Add more features and functionalities based on the user feedback.
Testing and Deployment
Test the application thoroughly to identify and resolve bugs, ensure the application works as intended to give the desired results, and deploy it to the production environment.

How Fingent Helps?

Being a top custom software development company, Fingent adopts the most efficient and modern technology stacks that can make your software products highly competitive and capable of fulfilling your organization’s unique requirements. Here are some of the best practices we follow when selecting software stacks for our clients’ development projects:
With the right tech stack and a skilled software development team by your side, you can build innovative software solutions that solve your business challenges and delight your users. If you have any questions on tech stack selection or need free software consulting services, get in touch with our team.

FAQ

Picking on the right technology stack for web development is an important marker of the company’s priorities and culture. It is a huge responsibility that must be done with careful research and planning. Various factors, such as your web application’s speed, quality, and security level, will depend on the chosen technology stack. Hence, it is advisable to identify the pros and cons of the various technology stacks in the market.
Choosing the right technology stack is a crucial step in your product development and is key to its success. Here are the key pointers to consider when selecting a tech stack.
  • >> Application size, type, and complexity
  • >> Team knowledge and upskilling
  • >> End-user experience and time to market
  • >> Security and scalability
  • >> Cost and overall value of the tech stack.
Migrating your less-performing or outdated tech stack to a tech stack of your choice is possible. However, it is a relatively time-consuming and costly process. Switching to the right tech stack may skyrocket the growth of your application. It requires rigorous analysis and perfect planning before deciding to move.
Choosing the wrong tech stack can result in operational problems that can pile up until they become unstoppable.
  • >> The need to update your existing software with a modern technology stack.
  • >> Vulnerable to security threats
  • >> Limitations in creating and adding new features to the software
  • >> Lack of knowledge in your in-house team who can use the tech stack
  • >> Tech stack without scalability feature results in crises as your business grows

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    About the Author

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    Arun Thomas

    Arun is a full-stack developer at Fingent. He spends a workday experimenting with Jquery, CSS, HTML; and dabbles with Python, Node, and PHP. With a broad skill set ranging from UX to Design, and from front end to back end development, Arun enjoys working in challenging projects and is always on a go-to learn something new.

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      All that you need to know about React Developer Tools

      React is an incredible framework for frontend development. It also facilitates mobile app development for multiple platforms. React was a game-changer for IT companies in the USA and across the world, and developers were thrilled when Facebook announced its launch. This post explores the features of React developer tools. 

      If you are into React development, you must have tried the official chrome React developer tools. This React devtools extension lets you debug your components and is available even as a standalone application. React developer tools help us smoothly create interactive UIs and React is able to reconcile changes to the DOM in a performant way. 

      The React Developer tool is undergoing constant development with new features added to it regularly. It is an essential instrument you can use to inspect a React application. This article lists out the features of React Developer Tools that you might like to try out and also discusses the best IDE for React. 

      Read more: React Native App Development – React Native Or Flutter – The Better Choice For Mobile App Development

      Inspect and Debug

      It is possible to use breakpoints, step-through, and logging to debug a React app. But it can become difficult especially if you have to debug an application that you haven’t seen before. By installing React developer tools, you can overcome some of these challenges. 

      Installing React Developer Tools

      You can install React developer tools on the browser you are using to run the application. One of which is the chrome React developer tools extension. It is available in the appropriate extension store. Once it is installed, either as a browser developer tool or as a standalone application, two new tabs will become available: Components and Profiler.

      Components Tab

      The Components tab allows you to see the root React components that were rendered on the page and the subcomponents that they rendered.  You can inspect and edit its current props and state in the panel by selecting one of the components in the tree. It allows you to inspect the selected component, the component that created it, and the component that created the second component and so on. 

      While inspecting a React element, switching over to the React tab will automatically select that element in the React tree.  

      Profiler Tab

      The Profiler tab is an incredibly powerful feature introduced in 2018. React Devtools provides a profiling feature that allows you to see a summary of how your application re-renders. Just like the regular JavaScript profiler, you will have to “record” a set of interactions. Once you start the recording, React Devtools will automatically gather the performance information each time your application renders. You can continue to use the app as you normally would. Once you’re done with profiling, click the ‘stop’ button. Now you will be able to see a visualization of each re-render with accurate timing information and color-coded flame graphs. 

      Read more: Web Development Stacks – Top 6 Tech Stacks That Reign Software Development in 2020

      Best IDE for React

      A good IDE for React is a must to get started with the React ecosystem. Selecting the best IDE for React from among the many that are available out there can be a daunting task. This section will help you make a choice from both the free as well as the paid IDEs.

      1. VS Code

      VS Code is a Microsoft product and is available for free under open-source MIT license. You can download and set-up VS Code on Mac, Debian, Windows, Ubuntu, Red Hat, SUSE, and Fedora. It can be used for various programming needs. Being the most used free IDE, it is loaded with many useful features. 

      The plugins enhance JavaScript programming as well as the development experience with React and React native and more. 

      2. Reactide IDE

      Reactide is comparatively new but is gaining popularity among the community of React web app developers. It focuses on web apps development. It is entirely dedicated to React-based application development. It is a one-click setup that installs and runs a custom browser simulator. It spares you from switching between code files and the browser to check the changes made. It is a cross-platform, open-source, free tool. 

      3. Atom

      Atom is among the most popular open source text editors for modern programming. Built by GitHub, Atom comes with Git control and hence fits seamlessly in the GitHub ecosystem. It is a desktop-based application that is used for building apps using web technologies. 

      4. Rekit studio

      Rekit studio is focused specifically for developing apps using React. It works both as an IDE and as a toolkit that can be used for developing scalable web apps using React Router, React, and Redux. Since Rekit has its own Rekit studio, things remain simple and controlled. It is a favorable solution for small scale developments. 

      5. VIM

      Although it is one of the oldest IDEs, VIM has remained the favorite for some developers. Its popularity can be gauged from the fact that Facebook developers used it in the early days. It comes with many features for fast code writing using a keyboard. Using various available plugins for JavaScript and React, VIM can be transformed into a powerful IDE.

      These are some of the features that we hope you will find helpful. If you have any questions on React Developer Tools or want to see how this can benefit your business, please let us know.

       

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        About the Author

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        Girish R

        Girish R, Programmer for 17 yrs, Blogger at Techathlon.com, LifeHacker, DIYer. He loves to write about technology, Open source & gadgets. He currently leads the mobile app development team at Fingent.

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          Ok, so we’re all very well acquainted with our friend, the web browser. It has helped us with so many things in life, answered so many of our questions (well, technically it is Google, but nevertheless), and kept us entertained. It simply became a huge part of our lives. And how?
          Through its well-built web applications. Our web browsing experience is influenced a great deal by these two factors, the web application and the web browser. And over the years, we have seen a hell lot of improvements in our browsing. The kind of browsing experience we have now is not something we imagined a few years back. To explain how it has changed, let’s take a quick look at how web apps used to be in the past.

          While growing up

          Ever since the introduction of the web, browsing worked something like this; when you type in the address for a web page, the browser requests for the page, say for example “Fingent.com”, which causes a server somewhere on the internet to find and create an HTML page and send it back to the browser. Back then, browsers weren’t all that powerful and HTML pages were basically just static and independent documents, so this set up in the back end worked well. Later on, Javascript (the programming language) came to be used, which allowed web pages to be more dynamic. Even then, web pages used nothing more than image slideshows and date picker widgets.
          After several years of technological advancements in computing, the web and the web browser have evolved so much that, it has become a platform for fully featured and rich applications. With the introduction of HTML5 standards, put together with fast JavaScript runtimes, developers have been able to create richer apps that used to be possible only with native platforms.

          Single page apps

          Much later on, developers started building full-fledged applications on the browser using JavaScript and its advanced capabilities. Single page apps (like Gmail for example), were able to react or respond immediately to user actions without having to go to the server to bring up a new page. Such applications used libraries like Backbone.js, Ember.js, and Angular.js, all of which come under the client-side Model View Controller (MVC) architecture model.
          In this case, the mass of the application logic (like views, controllers, templates etc.) lies in the client side and communicates with an API for data. The server, which may be in any language like, Ruby or Python, handles the creation and serving of an initial bleak HTML page. Javascript was the basic and traditional language of the web browser, and computations were directly performed on the user’s machine. This was called “client-side processing”.

          Such apps were actually very good for the user as all they needed was the initial loading time. Once that was done, then navigation between the pages would become pretty easy and smooth without refreshing the page and it even supported offline browsing if everything was done right. Even for the developer, such apps were perfect, as there was a clear cut division between client and the server and there was not much sharing of logic required between the two (which are often in different programming languages), which facilitated the smooth workflow.

          However, there were a few flaws in this perfect approach for web applications:

          Trouble for the spiders

          An application that works only on the client side is not capable of serving the web spiders or web crawlers. Web spiders are automated programs or scripts that run to search the web in an automated and systematic manner. The process is called web spidering. A lot of search engines and even sites use this process as a way to provide up-to-date data. What they basically do is request the server for a page and interpret the results. If however the result is a blank page or an undefined page, then it is of no use. Now, as such apps cannot support web spidering, their SEO (Search Engine Optimization) will be poor or not up to the mark by default.

          Slow applications

          If the application is requested for by the user, and if the server is unable to provide the full HTML page and hence waits for the JavaScript on the client-side to do so, then it causes a delay in loading the page by a few seconds, which could actually cause huge losses. There are several statistics that prove how drastically sales get affected as a result of a slow web application. Need I say more.

          Apart from these, there were several other minor limitations like for example, as there was a clear distinction between the client and server sides, there were chances for duplication of application logic and data, such as formatting of date and the like. Such things were more problematic in case of huge and complex applications.

          THE SOLUTION

          With all the above-mentioned limitations, there was a need to find a solution that surpassed these issues and yet maintained the efficiency and smoothness of client-side application logic. Thus emerged Isomorphic web applications developed using React.js.
          A word about React.js first – It is basically an open source JavaScript library used for creating user interfaces for web applications. It intends to overcome the issues in developing single page applications and is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and similar communities of individual developers.

          An Isomorphic application is one that can run on both the client side as well as the server side. The code for an isomorphic application can be used or shared by the front end and the back end. A major difference in such applications that make them much better than other applications is the way they process requests. An initial request made by the web browser is processed by the server and all other subsequent requests are processed by the client side.

          Now there are a number of benefits associated with Isomorphic applications due to which they are rising in popularity and becoming a huge hit among developers as well as users. Let’s take a look at some of these benefits:

          • Speedy– Isomorphic apps are faster to provide HTML content, as the request is not always handled by the server-side. Only the initial ones reach the server whereas subsequent requests are handled by the client-side. This makes browsing faster and more efficient. Moreover, as opposed to common Single Page Applications, where the first request is used majorly for loading the application and then further steps to gather the required data, Isomorphic apps have fast first page processing and even faster further processing.
          • Versatile – New devices, as well as old devices, can browse Isomorphic apps, as they return HTML which is compatible with every device, irrespective of features. Single Page Applications returned tags that contained JavaScript which proved to be a problem with older devices.
          • SEO Friendly – Isomorphic apps are supportive of web crawling and hence contribute to better SEO. And from 2014, Google can crawl JavaScript applications as well.
          • Less Code – As the code is shared between the client side and the server side, there is much less code required as against Single Page applications. This makes it a lot easier to develop as well.

          Another major factor is the fact that Isomorphic apps can be easily maintained. As there is no need for duplication of application logic between the front end and the back end, it makes handling of even complex applications much easier.

          A lot of these benefits make Isomorphic apps very popular among developers, as they all point in one direction – that is, making development easier. They also give the expected results, and that put together with less coding, makes it a favorite among developers.

          As for the users, speed and efficiency are the essential drivers. If you have an application that loads fast and gives excellent features, what more do you need?

          The future

          Node.js seems to be becoming mainstream with most organizations around the globe. This means that it is slowly becoming inevitable that web apps share code between the front end and the back end. Isomorphic JavaScript is essentially an array that may start with simple sharing of templates and then go on to even handle an entire application’s logic. Applications that live on the traditional back end can also use Isomorphic JavaScript by creating sensible APIs and making it exist along with Node.js. Thus, “Isomorphism” is slowly but surely taking over browsing and soon, there will be a time when not a single advanced web app exists, that does not make use of some JavaScript running on the server.

          Tiny flaws

          Just like any application, there happens to be a little flaw with Isomorphic apps as well. It’s just that debugging is a bit of a problem for such apps. There is probably a need to use separate debuggers for the server side and client side of the application. Like for example, for the server side, a node.js debugger would be sufficient while for the client side, maybe the web browser’s debugger would do. It depends on the kind of application as well.
          Another possible difficulty could be in managing the settings on both sides. For example, the setting for the server side such as API keys and for the client side like the hostname of resources used such as CouchDB, could vary according to the production environments and it could be quite a task managing them.

          Conclusion

          Just like any other application, Isomorphic applications have their own share of advantages and disadvantages. In spite of the minor flaws, these apps are definitely increasing in popularity with each passing year because of its ease in development and speed. It is an exciting technology that comes with the option of various isomorphic libraries available, that can be chosen according to the scenario. What do you think about Isomorphic applications? Share with us in the comments below.

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            About the Author

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            Ashmitha Chatterjee

            Ashmitha works with Fingent as a creative writer. She collaborates with the Digital Marketing team to deliver engaging, informative, and SEO friendly business collaterals. Being passionate about writing, Ashmitha frequently engages in blogging and creating fiction. Besides writing, Ashmitha indulges in exploring effective content marketing strategies.

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